By: Luis Gerardo Ramírez Villela
Following up to the trade relationship between Mexico and Canada changing due to the current trade situation in North America and the review of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (T-MEC) and growing with the nearshoring era below is a brief description of the most relevant type of corporations in Canada for determining which would be the best strategy depending on the nature of each corporation and their tax benefits with Mexican subsidiaries.
Canada
There are different types of corporations for tax purposes, and you have to select the one that accurately describes your corporation type at the end of the tax year. The corporation type determines whether or not the corporation is entitled to certain rates and deductions from a tax perspective.
•Sociedad privada controlada por canadienses (CCPC);
•Otras sociedades privadas;
•Sociedad pública;
•Sociedad controlada por una sociedad pública; y
•Otras sociedades.
Business Structures
In this particular case, we will focus specifically in the types of business structures available in Canada which could be like he structures used in Mexico and analyzed in the Part I of this article.
Sole Proprietorship
A sole proprietorship is an unincorporated business owned by one individual and is the simplest kind of business structure in Canada.
El propietario de una empresa unipersonal es el único responsable de tomar decisiones, recibe todas las ganancias, reclama todas las pérdidas y no tiene personalidad jurídica propia.
Por lo tanto, la empresa unipersonal asume todos los riesgos del negocio, incluso en lo que respecta a sus bienes personales.
Sociedad Colectiva (Partnership) Una sociedad colectiva es una asociación o relación entre dos o más personas físicas, corporaciones, fideicomisos o sociedades que se unen para llevar a cabo una actividad comercial.
Each partner contributes money, labour, property, or skills to the partnership and, in return, each partner is entitled to a share of the profits or losses of the business as agreed in the partnership agreement.
A simple verbal agreement is enough to form a partnership; however, most partnerships are governed by a written agreement setting out rules for partners entering or leaving the partnership, income distribution and other matters.
The partnership is bound by the actions of any member of the partnership, as long as these are within the usual scope of the operations.
Sociedad Anónima (Corporation) Una sociedad anónima es una entidad jurídica independiente que puede celebrar acuerdos y poseer bienes a su propio nombre, de forma separada y distinta de sus propietarios.
When forming a corporation, the owners transfer money, property, or services to the corporation in exchange for shares, acting then as shareholders. A corporation continues to exist unless it winds up, amalgamates, or gives up its charter for reasons such as bankruptcy.
A corporation is set-up through the establishment of articles of incorporation and sending the documents to the appropriate provincial, territorial, or federal governments.
Consideraciones fiscales. Cada tipo de sociedad y estructura empresarial tiene un tratamiento fiscal específico en Canadá.
Desde la perspectiva mexicana, la S. de R.L. es una entidad que califica como entidad de transferencia en ciertos casos en Canadá y, por lo tanto, analizar dicha corporación y estructuras será beneficioso para tener una estrategia fiscal eficiente al constituir una subsidiaria en México.
